Now in its third month, the conflict began in response to the unprecedented attacks on Israel by Palestinian militant group Hamas on October 7.
It has left Gaza in ruins, killing more than 18,400 people, mostly women and children, according to the Hamas-run health ministry, and causing "unparalleled" damage to its roads, schools and hospitals.
The U.N. General Assembly overwhelmingly backed a non-binding resolution for a ceasefire on Tuesday.
But more air strikes hit Gaza and gun battles again raged through the night, especially in Gaza City, the biggest urban center, and Khan Yunis and Rafah in the south, AFP correspondents said.
Cold autumn rains lashed the territory, where millions have been displaced and many are living in makeshift plastic tents, as vital supplies of food, drinking water, medicines and fuel have run low in more than two months of siege and war.
Air raid sirens wailed in Sderot and other southern Israeli communities near Gaza as militants kept firing rockets, most of which have been intercepted by air defenses.
The army said an air strike had hit a militant cell in Gaza City's Shejaiya district "that was en route to launch rockets toward Israel."
In Khan Yunis, a center of heavy urban combat in recent days, a family gathered to mourn the death in a strike of Fayez al-Taramsi, a father of seven.
"How are we going to live after him?" one of his daughters said, crying and clutching his bloodied shirt. "He brought us to life."
The bloodiest-ever Gaza war broke out after Hamas gunmen attacked Israel on October 7, killed around 1,200 people, mostly civilians, and took around 240 hostages, according to Israeli authorities.
Israel, determined to destroy Hamas and bring the hostages home, launched a devastating aerial and ground offensive on Gaza.
The Hamas-run health ministry said Wednesday that at least 50 more people killed in the latest wave of air strikes.
Israel said it has lost 115 soldiers, including 10 in northern Gaza on Tuesday, its deadliest day since launching the ground assault on October 27.
Diminishing safe space
The U.N. General Assembly passed a resolution Tuesday demanding a ceasefire, backed by 153 of 193 nations — surpassing the 140 or so that have routinely condemned Russia for its invasion of Ukraine.
While the United States and Israel voted against the resolution, it was supported by U.S. allies Australia, Canada and New Zealand, who, in a rare joint statement, said they were "alarmed at the diminishing safe space for civilians in Gaza."
Biden said at a campaign event that Israel had "most of the world supporting it" immediately after the October 7 attack, but that "they're starting to lose that support by the indiscriminate bombing that takes place."
Toning down his comments at a later news conference, the U.S. president reiterated support for Israel and said only that "the safety of innocent Palestinians is still of great concern."
But Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said there was "disagreement" with Biden over how a post-conflict Gaza would be governed.
The U.N. vote came after the head of the U.N. agency for Palestinian refugees, Philippe Lazzarini, described the situation in Gaza as "hell on earth."
Gaza City Hospital
The U.N. estimates 1.9 million of Gaza's 2.4 million people have been displaced and were receiving goods from only around 100 aid trucks per day.
Its hospital system is in ruins, and Hamas authorities said Wednesday that vaccines for children had run out, warning of "catastrophic health repercussions."
The U.N.'s satellite analysis agency UNOSAT said 18% of Gaza's infrastructure had been destroyed based on an image that was already more than two weeks old.
The World Bank in a new analysis warned that "the loss of life, speed and extent of damages... are unparalleled."
Already by mid-November, almost half of all roads and around 60% of communication infrastructure, health and education facilities had been damaged or destroyed, it said.
Hamas said Israeli forces raided a hospital in Gaza City on Tuesday. U.N. humanitarian agency OCHA had earlier reported fighting nearby and said about 3,000 displaced people were trapped inside.
The army did not comment, but Israel has repeatedly accused Hamas of using hospitals, schools, mosques and vast tunnel systems beneath them as military bases — claims the group has denied.
World Health Organization chief Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus said he was "extremely worried" by reports of the raid, adding that his agency "urgently calls for the protection of all persons inside the hospital."
Fears of a wider conflict continued to grow, with daily exchanges of fire along Israel's border with Lebanon, where Hezbollah is based, and other Iran-backed groups targeting U.S. and allied forces in Iraq and Syria.
Yemen's Iran-backed Huthi rebels have repeatedly launched missiles and drones toward Israel and cargo ships in nearby waters that they suspect are working with Israel.