Extreme weather events and economic shocks also added to the number of those facing acute food insecurity, which grew by 24 million people compared with 2022, according to the latest global report on food crises from the Food Security Information Network (FSIN).
The report, which called the global outlook "bleak" for this year, is produced for an international alliance bringing together UN agencies, the European Union and governmental and non-governmental bodies.
2023 was the fifth consecutive year of rises in the number of people suffering acute food insecurity—defined as when populations face food deprivation that threatens lives or livelihoods, regardless of the causes or length of time.
FILE—A volunteer prepares a soup, as usually provided by the US-based food charity World Central Kitchen, at the funeral of Damian Sobol, a member of that charity, killed in an Israeli strike in Gaza, at his home town of Przemysl, Poland on April 20, 2024.
Much of last year's increase was due to the report's expanded geographic coverage, as well as deteriorating conditions in 12 countries.
More geographical areas experienced "new or intensified shocks" while there was a "marked deterioration in key food crisis contexts such as Sudan and the Gaza Strip," Fleur Wouterse, deputy director of the emergencies office within the UN's Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), told AFP.
Some 700,000 people, including 600,000 in Gaza, were on the brink of starvation last year, a figure that has since climbed yet higher to 1.1 million in the war-ridden Palestinian territory.
Children starving
Since the first report by the Global Food Crisis Network covering 2016, the number of food-insecure people has risen from 108 million to 282 million, Wouterse said.
Meanwhile, the share of the population affected within the areas concerned has doubled 11 percent to 22 percent, she added.
Protracted major food crises are ongoing in Afghanistan, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Nigeria, Syria and Yemen.
FILE—Sacks of wheat are unloaded at a food distribution site in the town of Adi Mehameday, in the western Tigray region of Ethiopia, May 28, 2022.
"In a world of plenty, children are starving to death," wrote UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres in the report's foreword.
"War, climate chaos and a cost-of-living crisis — combined with inadequate action— mean that almost 300 million people faced acute food crisis in 2023."
"Funding is not keeping pace with need," he added.
This is especially true as the costs of distributing aid have risen.
For 2024, progress will depend on the end of hostilities, said Wouterse, who stressed that aid could "rapidly" alleviate the crisis in Gaza or Sudan, for example, once humanitarian access to the areas is possible.
Floods and droughts
Worsening conditions in Haiti were due to political instability and reduced agricultural production, "where in the breadbasket of the Artibonite Valley, armed groups have seized agricultural land and stolen crops," Wouterse said.
The El Nino weather phenomenon could also lead to severe drought in West and Southern Africa, she added.
According to the report, situations of conflict or insecurity have become the main cause of acute hunger in 20 countries or territories, where 135 million people have suffered.
FILE—People wait in a queue to receive food aid in Mangwe district in southwestern Zimbabwe, March, 22, 2024.
Extreme climatic events such as floods or droughts were the main cause of acute food insecurity for 72 million people in 18 countries, while economic shocks pushed 75 million people into this situation in 21 countries.
"Decreasing global food prices did not transmit to low-income, import-dependent countries," said the report.
At the same time, high debt levels "limited government options to mitigate the effects of high prices."
On a positive note, the situation improved in 17 countries in 2023, including the Democratic Republic of Congo and Ukraine, the report found.