Drought Threatens Kenya Wildlife

FILE: The body of an elephant that died during the drought is seen in the Shaba National Reserve, Isiolo county, Kenya. Taken September 22, 2022.

In southern Kenya's famed Amboseli National Park, near Mount Kilimanjaro, the signs of the drought are everywhere. The earth is dry and cracked, animal bones lie along the trails and emaciated trees with yellowing leaves bear witness to the impact of the worst drought in 40 years.

Poor rainfall since late 2020 has devastated the Horn of Africa, raising fears of a famine in Somalia and plunging around four million Kenyans -- nearly 10 percent of the population -- into hunger.

Wildlife has also paid a heavy price, with 205 elephants, 512 wildebeest, 381 zebras and 12 giraffes dying from the drought between February and October this year, according to Tourism Minister Peninah Malonza.

"Before the drought you could see herds of elephants roaming around this area, they are nowhere to be seen now," said Kelembu Ole Nkuren, a Maasai shepherd who has called Amboseli home since birth.

"Everything is being wiped out right now, zebras, wildebeests, giraffes, elephants. I have never seen such a huge number of dead wildlife," the 35-year-old told AFP, surrounded by the rotting remains of buffaloes, antelopes and other animals.

"If the drought goes on like this, it will wipe out the remaining cattle, elephants, all the animals," he warned.

According to Norah Njiraini of the Amboseli Trust for Elephants, more than 100 tuskers -- out of a total of 2,000 -- have died since June in the park, which borders Tanzania.

The last time elephants suffered such a devastating fate was in 2009, she told AFP.

"In 2009, we lost the female adults... this year is different because we are losing the young ones," she said.

In Tsavo East National Park, about 140 kilometres (85 miles) to the north, KWS has drilled wells so animals have water to drink.

Despite these measures, that park lost 54 elephants between February and October this year.

Even with some recent showers, few expect conditions to really improve anytime soon, with forecasts indicating yet another failed rainy season on the way.

The economic consequences for the tourism-dependent nation are not lost on park officials.

"When we have visitors coming to the country, our main backbone is basically wildlife tourism," the director of Tsavo East, Kenneth Ochieng, told AFP.

"So when the numbers depreciate, it becomes the concern of every Kenyan."

Despite the grim forecast, he remains hopeful, he said.

"The problems we are going through are man-made and the solutions should also be man-made."