A senior adviser to Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy said any plan to end the war must involve the withdrawal of Russian troops to borders in place when the Soviet Union collapsed just over 20 years ago.
"Any 'peace plan' with ceasefire only and, as a result, a new delimitation line and continued occupation of Ukrainian territory isn't about peace, but about freezing the war, a Ukrainian defeat, (and the) next stages of Russia's genocide," political adviser Mykhailo Podolyak wrote on Twitter.
"Ukraine's position is known - the withdrawal of Russian troops to the borders of 1991."
On the first anniversary of Russia's invasion of Ukraine, Moscow's ally Beijing urged both sides to agree to a gradual de-escalation, warned against the use of nuclear weapons and said conflict benefited no one.
The plan, set out in a foreign ministry paper, was largely a reiteration of China's line since Russia launched what it calls its "special military operation" on Feb. 24 last year.
"All parties must stay rational and exercise restraint, avoid fanning the flames and aggravating tensions, and prevent the crisis from deteriorating further or even spiraling out of control," the ministry said in its paper.
Beijing also stated that nuclear weapons must not be resorted to in the conflict.
Russian President Vladimir Putin has signaled he will double down on the conflict, despite major battlefield defeats in the past year, and has raised the specter of nuclear weapons.
Since the war began weeks after Beijing and Moscow announced a "no limits" partnership, Xi has spoken regularly with Putin but not once with his Ukrainian counterpart Zelenskyy. China's top diplomat Wang Yi visited Moscow for talks this week.
China said the only sanctions that should be imposed on Russia should be endorsed by the UN Security Council - where the Russians hold veto power - and unilateral sanctions and pressure "only create new problems".
"China opposes unilateral sanctions unauthorized by the UN Security Council. Relevant countries should stop abusing unilateral sanctions and 'long-arm jurisdiction' against other countries."
The Beijing peace plan also got a cold reception by NATO.
"China doesn't have much credibility because they have not been able to condemn the illegal invasion of Ukraine," NATO Secretary-General Jens Stoltenberg told reporters in Tallinn.
