No reason was provided for the unexpected move.
"The president expresses his gratitude to Prime Minister Patrick Achi and to all members of the government for their commitment to serving the nation over the past years," Secretary General to the Presidency Aboudramane Cisses said.
They will remain in temporary charge until a new prime minister and government are appointed, he added.
It is not uncommon for presidents in Ivory Coast to make drastic, unexpected changes to their governments.
Achi tabled his resignation and that of his government on April 13 last year after Ouattara announced plans to cut ministerial positions to slim down the size of his cabinet.
The prime minister was re-appointed a week later.
Ivory Coast will hold a presidential election in 2025. Ouattara, who was re-elected in 2020, has not yet said whether he will run again.
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