Burkina Faso's foreign ministry informed the French government that Ouagadougou was "renouncing the technical military assistance agreement reached in Paris on April 24 1961", according to the correspondence, dated February 28.
In the correspondence, seen by AFP on Wednesday, the ministry said Burkina was giving one month's notice for "the final departure of all French military personnel serving in Burkinabe military administrations".
The move marks a further downward spiral in relations since the military toppled Burkina's elected president last year.
The accord was forged in 1961 between the newly independent Republic of Upper Volta, as Burkina Faso used to be called, and its long-time colonial power.
It is one of the legal bases for French military support in the deeply troubled Sahel state.
The breakdown mirrors to a large degree a bust-up between France and neighbouring Mali, which is also junta-ruled.
In both countries, tensions with France at government level have been accompanied by anti-French demonstrations and criticism on social media.
Burkina asked France to withdraw its ambassador, Luc Hallade, after he made comments about the country's security problems. He was pulled out, ostensibly for consultations.
Burkina also gave France a month to pull out a special forces unit of 400 men that was based near the capital. The French flag was lowered on the base last month.
France withdrew the last of its troops from Mali last year, climaxing a break-up that was largely triggered by the junta's growing alliance with Russia.
